Arabic word endings change based on their grammatical role. This is called الإعراب (iʿrāb).

Three cases:

1. **Nominative (مرفوع)** - ُ damma - for subjects

2. **Accusative (منصوب)** - َ fatha - for objects

3. **Genitive (مجرور)** - ِ kasra - after prepositions

Example:

- اللهُ (Allāhu) - nominative (subject)

- اللهَ (Allāha) - accusative (after إنَّ)

- اللهِ (Allāhi) - genitive (after preposition)