النحو والصرف - Essential rules for understanding Quranic Arabic
أل التعريف
The prefix "ال" makes a noun definite (the)
ٱلْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ
All praise is for Allah, Lord of the worlds
حرف الباء
The preposition "ب" means with, by, or in
بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
حرف مِن
The preposition "مِن" means from or of
غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ
Not of those who have earned anger
إنَّ وأخواتها
"إنَّ" emphasizes a statement (indeed/verily)
إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟
Indeed, those who disbelieved
الضمائر المتصلة
Pronouns that attach to verbs, nouns, and particles
إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ
You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help
أسماء الإشارة
Words like this, that, these, those
ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبُ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ
This is the Book about which there is no doubt
الأسماء الموصولة
Words like who, which, that
ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْغَيْبِ
Those who believe in the unseen
الجملة الاسمية
Sentences that begin with a noun (subject + predicate)
ٱللَّهُ نُورُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ
Allah is the Light of the heavens and the earth
الجملة الفعلية
Sentences that begin with a verb
خَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ
Allah created the heavens and the earth
الإعراب
The vowel endings that show grammatical function
إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ
Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful
الإضافة
Two nouns joined to show possession (X of Y)
رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ
Lord of the worlds
أوزان الفعل
The 10 main verb patterns in Arabic
أَنزَلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً
He sent down from the sky rain
نظام الجذور
Most Arabic words come from 3-letter roots
ذَٰلِكَ ٱلْكِتَـٰبُ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ
This is the Book about which there is no doubt
المذكر والمؤنث
Arabic nouns are masculine or feminine
إِنَّ رَحْمَتَ ٱللَّهِ قَرِيبٌ
Indeed, Allah's mercy is near
المفرد والمثنى والجمع
Arabic distinguishes singular, dual (two), and plural
رَبِّ ٱلْعَـٰلَمِينَ
Lord of the worlds
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