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LearnGrammarVerb Forms (Awzan)
intermediateMorphology (الصرف)

Verb Forms (Awzan)

أوزان الفعل

The 10 main verb patterns in Arabic

Explanation

Arabic verbs follow patterns called أوزان (awzān). The root letters fit into these patterns.

**Form I (فَعَلَ):** Basic meaning

  • كَتَبَ (kataba) = he wrote
  • **Form II (فَعَّلَ):** Intensive/Causative

  • عَلَّمَ (ʿallama) = he taught (from عَلِمَ - he knew)
  • **Form III (فَاعَلَ):** Doing with someone

  • قَاتَلَ (qātala) = he fought (from قَتَلَ - he killed)
  • **Form IV (أَفْعَلَ):** Causative

  • أَنزَلَ (anzala) = he sent down (from نَزَلَ - he descended)
  • **Form V (تَفَعَّلَ):** Reflexive of II

    **Form VI (تَفَاعَلَ):** Mutual action

    **Form VII (اِنفَعَلَ):** Passive-like

    **Form VIII (اِفتَعَلَ):** Reflexive

    **Form X (اِستَفْعَلَ):** Seeking/Considering

  • اِسْتَغْفَرَ (istaghfara) = he sought forgiveness
  • Quranic Examples

    أَنزَلَ مِنَ ٱلسَّمَآءِ مَآءً

    2:22

    Anzala mina as-samā'i mā'an

    He sent down from the sky rain

    وَٱسْتَغْفِرُوا۟ رَبَّكُمْ

    11:3

    Wa-staghfirū rabbakum

    And seek forgiveness from your Lord

    Tips to Remember

    • 1.أَنزَلَ (Form IV) = he sent down, from نَزَلَ (Form I) = he descended
    • 2.اِسْتَغْفَرَ (Form X) = seek forgiveness, from غَفَرَ = he forgave

    Related Grammar Rules

    The Root System

    نظام الجذور

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    Possessive Construction (Idafa)

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    The Root System

    View All Grammar Rules