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LearnGrammarCase Endings (I'rab)
intermediateSyntax (النحو)

Case Endings (I'rab)

الإعراب

The vowel endings that show grammatical function

Explanation

Arabic nouns change their endings based on grammatical function. This is called الإعراب (iʿrāb).

Three Cases:

1. **Nominative (مرفوع - Marfūʿ):** ـُ (damma) - for subjects

2. **Accusative (منصوب - Manṣūb):** ـَ (fatha) - for objects

3. **Genitive (مجرور - Majrūr):** ـِ (kasra) - after prepositions

With Tanwin (indefinite):

  • Nominative: ـٌ (-un)
  • Accusative: ـً (-an)
  • Genitive: ـٍ (-in)

    • Quranic Examples

    إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ

    2:173

    Inna Allāha ghafūrun raḥīm

    Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful

    بِسْمِ ٱللَّهِ

    1:1

    Bismi Allāh

    In the name of Allah

    Tips to Remember

    • 1.ٱللَّهَ (accusative) after إنَّ vs ٱللَّهِ (genitive) after بِ
    • 2.غَفُورٌ has tanwin because it is indefinite and nominative

    Related Grammar Rules

    Nominal Sentence

    الجملة الاسمية

    Emphasis Particle Inna

    إنَّ وأخواتها

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    Verbal Sentence

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    Possessive Construction (Idafa)

    View All Grammar Rules